Page 79 - RUT Publisher

Life Science Research and Sustainable Development ISBN: 978-98-84663-33-9

increased in sub lethal dose of fluoride in 96h while it was remained elevated until the end of the
experiment. Similar results were obtained by Kurovskaya and Osadchaya (1993), who did not
report anemia in common carp infested with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. The increase in MCV,
MCH in lethal & sub lethal exposure of fluoride elevated in 48h and altered or decreased MCHC
was evident in the present investigation. This data confirmed that anemia produced was of
macrocytic hypochromatic type. The MCHC is a good indicator of red blood cells swelling and a
decrease in haemoglobin synthesis (Wepener et al., 1992a, b; Bhagwant and Bhikajee, 2000).
Ololade and Oigni (2009) observed a decrease in MCHC with increased concentration of toxicants
(zinc). Martins et al. (2004) and Sabri et al. (2009) also recorded a significant decrease in RBC, PVC,
and HB in parasitized specimens of Leporinus macrocephalus and Clarias garipienus, respectively.
Conclusion: From the above discussion, it can be concluded that fluoride is more toxic to fish.
Exposure to both lethal & sub lethal concentration of fluoride resulted in significant alteration in
haematological indices. Thus fluoride affects not only aquatic animals but also terrestrial animals
too.

REFERENCES
Anon. (1966, 1970). Chapters on General Metabolism, Skeletal Metabolism, Dental Metabolism,
Enzymatic Effects, Cellular Effects and Pharmacology of Fluorides. In: Handbook of
Experimental Pharmacology XX/1 and XX/2.
Banupriya, C., Anitha, K., Murali Mohan., E., Pillai, K. S. and Murthy, P.B. (1997). Toxicity of
fluoride to diabetic rats. Fluoride 30: 21-58.
Bhatt, J.P. and Farswan, V.S. (1992). Haemolytic activity of pesticide compounds of some plants
to a fresh water fish. Barilius, Bendalensis (Hem) Jr.of Environ, Biol, 13(4):333-342
Bhagwant, S. and Bhikajee, M.(2000). Induction of hypochromic macrocytic anaemia in
Orechromis hybrid (Cichlidae) exposed to 100mg/I (sub lethal dose) of aluminium. Comp. Pysiol.,
163:38-47.
Eren, E., Ozturk, M., Mumcu, E.F. and Canatan, D. (2005). Fluorosis & its haematological effects.
Toxicol. Ind. Health. 21(10):255-258.
Environment Canada. (1976). National inventory of sources and emission of fluoride (1972).
Environmental protection Service. Internal Report APCD 75-7. Environment Canada, Air
Pollution Directorate.
Gupta, R. (2003). Pathophysiological consequence to freshwater fish, Channa punctatus induced
by fluoride, Ph.D., Dissertation, University of Lucknow, Lucknow.
Hlynczak, A. J. and A. Urbanska, (1987). The biochemical parameters in the blood of breeding
animals exposed to fluoride compounds in the environment. Foliamed. Cracov. 28: 89-96.
Jain, S. K. and A. K. Susheela (1986).Fluoride toxicity: Erythrocyte Membrane Abnormally and
Echinocyte Formation. In: Fluoride Research, Tsunoda, H. and M.H. Yu (Eds.), Studies in
Environmental Sciences, Vol. 27, Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam.
Jagadish, S., Singh, L.K., Samad, A. and Bhaarao, D.P. (1998). Bovine Fluorosis I: Clinical
pathology and investigations into source of fluorine. Indian Veterinary Journal. Vol. 75, p335-337.
Kahl. S. and Wojckikk, Ewyz (1973). Effect of fluoride on haematological indices and iorn
distribution in blood and iron storing tissue of rat. Bull. of academy of polland, Sci. series in Bio.
21:389-393.
Kristinsson, J., Gunnarsson, E., Johannesson, P., Parsson, P.A. and Thormar, H. (1997).
Experimental fluoride poisoning in rice landic sheep. Buvisindi, 1(1): 107-112.

https://jesjalna.org/Zoology-Publications/index.html 71 Department of Zoology, J. E. S. College, Jalna