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Life Science Research and Sustainable Development ISBN: 978-98-84663-33-9

HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY FLUORIDE IN FRESHWATER FISH,
CYPRINUS CARPIO

Dr. V.D. Suryawanshi & 2. Dr Mote A.N.

P.G.Department of Zoology
Sant Ramdas Arts, Commerce & Science College Ghansawangi (MH) India 1 &2
Vijay1351976@gmail.com

Keywords: Abstract:
Hematological The fish, Cyprinus carpio exposed in lethal and sub lethal
parameters, concentrations of fluoride at varying time interval and effects on
Cyprinus carpio, various hematological parameters were evaluated. WBC was
fluoride, decreased significantly in both concentrations. Significantly increased
Lethal & Sub in the percentage of HB% at 96h in lethal & sub lethal, there was
lethal significantly decreased RBC level in lethal concentrations. While it
concentration was significantly increased RBC level at 48h. In lethal, HCT levels
were decreased in all the durations. In sub lethal, HCT levels were
insignificantly increased in 96h. In the lethal MCV was significantly
decreased in all the duration. In sub lethal, MCV was found highly
increased insignificantly. In lethal MCH was highly increased
insignificantly in all the duration. While in sub lethal MCH was
insignificantly increased in 48h & 72h. In the lethal & sub lethal
concentrations of fluoride significantly increased in the MCHC levels.
The observed changes suggest that fluoride affects on hematological
parameters of fish, Cyprinus carpio.

Introduction:
Fluorine is the thirteenth most abundant element making up approximately 0.06 to 0.09% of the
earth’s crust (Environment Canada 1976; Smith, 1983). The main natural source of inorganic
fluorides in soil is the parent rock (WHO, 1984). At high doses, fluoride interferes with
carbohydrate, lipid, protein, vitamin, enzyme and mineral metabolism (Anon, 1970). High
fluoride levels cause cell damage and necrosis which affect organ function. Detailed changes
which occur in the bone of animals severely affected with fluorosis have been described by
Roholm (1937 and Shupe et al., 1955). Fluoride affects the hematological parameters (Saxena et al.
2001), brings about morphological and behavioral changes (Tripathi et al. 2004) and affects the
cellular architecture in vertebrates (Gupta, 2003). The observation of different haematological
parameters provides a good deal in diagnosing the effect of fluoride on fish and in fact would
give an insight into changes induced in the circulating fluids. Fluoride damages erythrocytes and
induces echinocyte formation (Jain & Susheela, 1986). These damaged erythrocytes are eliminated
through the process of phagocytosis, this shown that fluoride decreases RBC & hemoglobin (Pillai
& Mane 1985). Cyprinus carpio fish is an economical important fresh water fish and commonly
cultured in many parts of the world. In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the
toxic effects of fluoride on haematological parameters exposed in lethal and sub lethal
concentrations of fluoride at different time interval.

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