Page 84 - RUT Publisher

Life Science Research and Sustainable Development ISBN: 978-98-84663-33-9

The range of copper content in ppb level during the summer and winter of 2019–20 was 0.486
(N1) to 0.587. (N2). High levels of copper can have negative effects such as nasal, oral, and
ocular irritation, vomiting, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal lesions (GIT). The victims of the
aforementioned illnesses were noted at the primary health facilities in the research region
during the monsoon season.
Iron (Fe) -
The range of the iron content in ppb level during the summer and winter of 2019–20 was 0.643
(N3) to 0.698. (N9). High iron levels typically provide bitter, astringent, and inky tastes.
Additionally, it can taint clothing, plumbing fixtures, and produce scaling that encrusted pipes.

Chromium (Cr) -
Chromium levels in ppb levels throughout the summer and winter of 2019–20 ranged from 2.16
(N4) to 3.12. (N12). The electroplating, metal polishing, and publicly operated treatment plants
are the main sources of chromium. Iron and steel foundries, inorganic chemical facilities,
tanneries, textile manufacturing facilities, runoff from urban and residential areas are very small
contributors (apart from localized pollution).

Lead (Pb) -
The variance in ppb level of lead metal for the year 2019-20 (summer and winter) ranged from
12.50 (N1) to 16.98. (S11). The lead content was raised, releasing free metal ions into the water
bodies from cooking utensils and increasing the solubility of old paintwork from buildings
during acidic wet deposition.

Cadmium (Cd) -
Cadmium metal levels fluctuated from 1.898 (N8) to 2.425 ppb over the summer and winter of
the 2019–20 school year (N4). The outflow of domestic wastewater from residential areas, the
impulsive use of pesticides, the use of fertilizers in the palm oil estates that line the banks of rivers,
and local air pollution from open burning are all potential sources of cadmium in river water
systems.

Zinc (Zn) -
Zinc levels in ppb throughout the summer and winter of 2019–20 ranged from 1.756 (N2) to 2.312
(N12). The amount of zinc was greater in the summer. Since the river's water volume was
significantly reduced throughout the summer, it is likely that human activity—such as
agricultural runoff, residential activity, wastewater discharges, effluent discharges, and other
non-point sources—is to blame for the rise in heavy metal content.

Fluoride (F-) -
Fluoride in ppb levels fluctuated from 0.345 (N1) to 0784 over the 2019-20 school year (summer
and winter) (N12). Because fluoride is naturally found in water, it becomes hazardous to animals
and humans when it exceeds 1.0 mg/l in drinking water. Molting of teeth and bones has been
recorded at levels of 1.5 mg/l.

https://jesjalna.org/Zoology-Publications/index.html 76 Department of Zoology, J. E. S. College, Jalna