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Life Science Research and Sustainable Development ISBN: 978-98-84663-33-9

complex medical compounds such as anesthetics, anti-inflammatory, antibiotics and sedatives.
One potential application is laccase-based in situ generation of iodine, a reagent widely used as
disinfectant. Recently laccases also reported to possess significant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
inhibitory activity (Alpeshkumar and Shiroya 2004; Wang and Ng 2004).
4.6 Cosmetic Industry:
More recently laccases have been exploited for preparation of cosmetics. Cosmetic and
dermatological preparations containing proteins for skin lightening have been developed.
Recently developed laccase-based hair dyes could be less irritant and easier to handle than
current hair dyes. Laccases may find use as deodorants for personal-hygiene products, including
toothpaste, mouthwash, detergent, soap, and diapers. Protein engineered laccase may be used to
reduce allergenicity (Wang and Ng 2004).
5. Screening of laccase producing fungi:
There are several substrates used for laccase screening viz. 2,2'-azinobis-(3-
ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), tannic acid, syringaldazine, o-dianisidine, guaiacol,
dimethoxyphenol and naphthol.
Arora and Sandhu (1984) screened different fungi for their laccase producing ability by
using different indicator compound and reported that tannic acid was best substrate for laccase
production from Trametes hirsuta as compare to lignins, phenolic compounds and sugar tested as
substrates and concluded that tannic acid was efficient laccase producing substrate. Kiiskinen et
al., (2004) carried out plate test screening based on polymeric dye compounds and reported that
guaiacol and tannic acid is the efficient substrates for laccase production. Buddolla et al., (2008)
tested 12 different fungal cultures using guaiacol indicator compound and reported that six
cultures were found to be laccase positive with Stereum ostrea and Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
Jhadav et al., (2009) used guaiacol for quantitative screening and reported that
Phanerochaete chrysosporium is efficient laccase producing fungi. Sathiyavathi and Parvatham
(2011) screened 12 fungal strains for their ability to produce laccase and xylanase by plate
screening method using the indicators guaiacol and congo red respectively and reported that
among the 12 isolates, Trichoderma sp. was predicted to be the only strain to produce both laccase
and xylanase.
Desai et al., (2011) isolated 9 different fungal strain from soil and tree bark and screened
this fungal strain on PDA medium using guaiacol and tannic acid as an indicator and reported
that among this one strain showed potency to produce laccase and it belongs to genus
Trichoderma. More et al., (2011) determine laccase activity using ABTS as a substrate and purified
laccase by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Vaidyanathan et al., (2011) studied
screening and induction of laccase activity in fungal species and its application in dye
decolorization. Ten fungal species were screened for laccase activity by indicator plate method
(0.02% guaiacol and 0.1% syringaldazine) out of ten only five species were found to be laccase-
positive. Pleurotus ostreatus gave the highest laccase activities followed by Agaricus bispora and
other strains.
Christie and Shanmugam (2012) studied productions of laccase enzyme from four
Ascomycetes species by in silico and in vitro analyses and reported that crude enzyme showed
complete oxidation of ABTS and Guaiacol after 7 days of incubation. Alternaria arborescence
showed maximum production of enzyme followed by Fusarium oxysporium. Aslam et al., (2012)
studied screening of laccase from Cladosporium cladosporioides and reported that Cladosporium
cladosporioides was efficient laccase producer when grown on malt extract media supplemented
with 0.02% ABTS and 0.02% guaiacol. Singh and Abraham (2013) isolated laccase producing fungi

https://jesjalna.org/Zoology-Publications/index.html 131 Department of Zoology, J. E. S. College, Jalna