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Life Science Research and Sustainable Development ISBN: 978-98-84663-33-9

Pointing et al., (2000) reported that laccase enzyme production was maximum with high
carbon low nitrogen ratio medium. Slight repression of enzyme production was observed in high
nitrogen culture medium. Other potential inducers were less effective (Tween 80, wood fibres)
and reduced the stimulation observed by xylidine alone when included in the same culture
medium. Soden and Dobson (2001) reported that laccase activity in Pleurotus sajor-caju is affected
by nitrogen and carbon and by the addition of copper and manganese to the growth medium. In
addition, 2,5-xylidine, ferulic acid, veratric acid and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole induced laccase
activity in the same. Chawachart et al., (2004) tested different substrates with different carbon
sources for laccase production using thermo tolerant Basidiomycete Coriolus versicolor strain RC3
and concluded that 1% rice bran as a carbon source was found to be the most efficient substrate
for laccase production compared to 1% glucose, wheat bran and rice straw meal.
Mikiashvili et al., (2006) studied effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on two strain of
Pleurotus ostreatus for laccase production and concluded that the maximal laccase yield of P.
ostreatus 98 and P. ostreatus 108 varied depending upon the carbon source from (5 to 62 U l) and
from (55 to 390 U l), respectively. Laccase activity of mushrooms decreased with supplementation
of defined medium by inorganic nitrogen sources whereas peptone followed by casein
hydrolysate appeared to be the best nitrogen sources for laccase accumulation by both fungi.
Xavier et al., (2007) studied effects of different inducers for laccase production with Trametes
versicolor and found that the best result for laccase induction was obtained with solid lignin, a by-
product of pulp and paper industry and the higher laccase activity attained was obtained with
the combined effect of xylidine addition and glucose suppression.
Agostini et al., (2011) studied effects of carbon and nitrogen ratio on laccase production by
Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes and Agaricus blazei and reported that higher C/N ratios
increased mycelial growth and decreased laccase production. The highest activities were
obtained with a C/N ratio of 5. P. ostreatus, L. edodes and A. blazei produced more laccase when
ammonium sulphate, combination of ammonium sulphate and urea and only urea respectively.
Rajendran et al., (2011) screened different nutrient levels for optimization of laccase production
and reported that D (+)-glucose, (NH4) 2SO4 and MgSO4.7H2O concentrations did not exert any
significant effect on the fungal laccase production whereas in terms of higher order effects, the
interaction between D (+)-glucose and MgSO4.7H2O plus D (+)-glucose and CuSO4.5H2O were
found to be significant. CuSO4.5H2O supplementation at 0.1 mg L-1 was effective in improving
the laccase production by P. sanguineus in submerged fermentation.
Periasamy et al., (2011) studied the effect of 6 different nitrogen sources (5 g/L) on laccase
production from fungus Pleurotus ostreatus IMI 395544. The highest enzyme production (0.36
U/ml) was achieved when using malt extract as the N-source. There was a slight reduction in the
production of laccase (0.34 U/ml) was obtained when malt extract was replaced by yeast extract.
Less than 0.20 U/ml of laccase activity were obtained when using beef extract and meat extract
as N-sources. Sivakami et al., (2012) reported that the addition of carbon source, such as Dextrose,
Mannose, Fructose, Sucrose, Glucose and Lactose to the basal medium yielded optimum
production. Out of 5 sources dextrose was found to be an effective carbon source for the
production of laccase. Increasing the concentration of glucose will leads to the decrease in the
yield of laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus.
Abdel-Azeem and Salem (2012) tested 60 taxa for laccase production and standardized
optimum cultural conditions such as temperatures, pH, carbon sources and nitrogen sources for
the production of high extracellular laccase activity with guaiacol as colour indicator. Sixteen
isolates showed positive reaction indicating a lignin-degrading potentiality and out of them eight

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