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Life Science Research and Sustainable Development ISBN: 978-98-84663-33-9

measured the highest zone diameter with high oxidation scale. The most promising taxa were
endophytic namely Chaetomium globosum, Phoma exigua, Thanatephorus cucumeris and Sordaria
fimicola. The pH 7, incubation temperature 30 C, 1% maltose and 0.3% peptone supported the
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highest biomass and laccase production for Chaetomium globosum.
Kenkebashvili et al., (2012) studied the effect of a wide range of culture conditions on
production of laccase and manganese peroxidase by Coriolopsis gallica and reported that copper,
carbon and nitrogen sources, and their concentration had a strong impact on enzyme activities.
Manimozhi and Kaviyarasan (2012) studied effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on laccase
production of Agaricus heterocystis and observed that out of tested carbon sources only fructose
showed highest fungus mycelial biomass and laccase enzyme production. Nitrogen sources
ammonium tartarate and yeast extract showed highest mycelial biomass yield and laccase
production. Among the different metal ions tested, only copper sulphate showed highest laccase
activity and maximum biomass production.
Elsayed et al., (2012) reported that carbon source soluble starch was found to be the best
inducer for laccase production whereas galactose, fructose, maltose and CMC significantly
reduced laccase production by Pl. ostreatus ARC280. For nitrogen sources the highest level of
enzyme production was obtained with ammonium sulphate followed by L-arginine and urea
showed lowest enzyme activity.
Nadeem et al., (2014) screened Pleurotus ostreatus P1 by plate test on Kirk medium for
laccase production by using guaiacol and syringaldazine as indicators and six different liquid
culture media and showed hyper laccase production (5.5±0.33unit/ml) objective was achieved in
medium 09-CBZ6 in combination with promising protein production (3mg/ml) under optimized
fermentation conditions (pH- 5.5, temperature-30°C and Time-7th day). Laccase production by a
long way intensified by the adding of glucose (1.5%, C/N:15) and inducer (CuSO4) gave
promising results (13.72±0.30U/ml) and other inducers followed laccase production as Na2SO4>
ZnSO4> FeSO4> CaCl2. Sodium azide was found a significant inhibitor (100%) for laccase activity
than SDS (87%) and EDTA (83%).
Vivekanadan et al., (2014) carried out experiments to study effect of various carbon,
nitrogen and metal ions on the laccase production by Aspergillus nidulans KF974331 and reported
that out of carbon sources tested sucrose showed maximum laccase production whereas among
different nitrogen sources tested peptone showed positive factor for maximum laccase
production. While in case of seven different metal ions tested for laccase production copper
sulphate formed a major factor for maximum yield.
El-Batal et al., (2015) concluded that laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus has been
shown to depend remarkably on the composition of the culture medium, carbon, nitrogen content
and inducer compounds. They indicate that the factorial design can be a practical useful tool for
optimizing the reaction parameters for enhancing the activity of laccase.
Afreen et al., (2016) carried out an experiment on laccase production from non-nitrogen
fixing cyanobacteria Arthrospira maxima (SAE-25780) and concluded that Arthrospira maxima
(SAE-25780) showed a constitutive production of laccase which increased up to 80% in the
presence of inducer compound guaiacol. The optimal condition for laccase production was at
30 C, 10 mM sucrose as a carbon source, 10 mM sodium nitrate as a nitrogen source and 2 mM
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copper as metal activator.
6.3. Effect pH and temperature on laccase production:
The effect of pH and temperature is limited in case of laccase production. The optimal
value of pH varies according to the substrate because substrate causes different reaction for

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