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Life Science Research and Sustainable Development ISBN: 978-98-84663-33-9

Introduction:
Among the human kind ABO blood group system is most widely worldwide accepted (ISBT,
2008). Red blood cells (RBC) consist of specific type of antigen on their surface. Discovery shows
numerous type of antigen present on the RBC which determine type of blood group system such
as ABO, P, MNS, LEVIS KIDS, Rh, DUFFY etc. The gene I on the 9 number of chromosomes
th
shows multiple allele intragenic gene interaction for ABO blood group. Two important antigen
A and B is the responsible for ABO blood group in human which is very common type. One gene
(I), three alleles (IA, IB, I0), six genotypes and four phenotypes A, B, AB, O) determination as
ABO system. ABO blood group system was first discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901 (Garraty
G, 2000). Another antigen D indicate Rh factor presence on the surface of same RBC. Thus, ABO
blood group system most essential in human being show allelic distribution and information
about this system helps in blood transfusion accurately.
Molecular study reveals the human RBSs Antigen as glycoproteins and glycolipids
represents type of blood group and controlled as genetically Mendelian manner whole life (Firkin
F, 1989). H antigens are the main precursors for both A and B antigen while H antigen synthesis
by the addition of fucose to the glycolipid or glycoprotein backbone and addition of N-acetyl
galactosamine indicate Antigen A as well as galactose addition for B antigen (Jeffery S Anderson,
Fauci A S, 2008). In order to avoid danger of mismatched blood transfusion, it is important to
determine the blood group of those involved prior to a transfusion. These days, to eliminate the
risk of transfusion reaction, the practice of autologous transfusion is followed by most of the
physician. From ancient times human races were more been fascinated by blood, Aristocrats
drank blood while Egyptians bathed in the blood (Ghori M R, 2003) and modern human transfuse
and risk of blood transfusion (Ganong, 1997). Such transfusion occurs by ABO antibodies in
plasma so this transfusion is highly fatal (Sazama K, 1990). The importance in organ
transplantation, genetic research, Gene interaction legal medicine, and anthropology (Storry,
2003). Detection of blood group is most important for detection certain diseases (Qureshi M A,
2003). Different types of diseases also associated with different types of blood group (Aird I, 1953
and Mollison P L, 1993). The erythroblastosis foetal is the fatal new born death caused by Rh -ve
type blood type in female (Lo Y M, Hjelm N M ,1998).

Materials and method:
The present cross-sectional study of ABO blood group system and Rh factor has been from Sillod
tehsil during June to December 2022. For this study involvement of authorized person of MAHA
lab PHC Sillod Government, Private authorized clinical laboratory, and trained students. There
were 2600 total blood samples collected for this study from Sillod tehsil. Out of them 1150 female
while 1450 male participated in the camp as well filed visit to village. Anti ABD kit is used to
determine type of blood group and Rh factor has been done.
Fist fingertips were clean by 70% alcohol swab then pricked sterilized needle and carefully
direct transport 3 drop separately on grease free slide. Anti ABD is used to 1-2 drops on blood
sample separately. Mixed well them and wait 3 to 5 minutes to observation clotting in which
blood type. The clotting part indicate type of blood group while anti D sera blood clots shows
positive and does not clot shows negative type of blood group. Such type is recorded according
to age, sex, religion wise. All the data input in Windows Microsoft excel; (win11) tabulation,
percentage and frequency has been done.

Results and discussion:

https://jesjalna.org/Zoology-Publications/index.html 93 Department of Zoology, J. E. S. College, Jalna